Artificial Intelligence at Two Speeds in the Same Economy

 

The use of these tools grew by 4.65% over the past year, but adoption remains far higher among large companies than the rest. The new OECD report, Early divides in the transition to artificial intelligence, warns of the impact on competitiveness.

AI adoption rates almost doubled in some countries over 2024

Uneven growth in adoption rates

AI adoption rates nearly doubled in some countries during 2024. OECD data confirm that the use of Artificial Intelligence accelerated sharply between 2023 and 2024, especially after the rise of generative AI. In countries such as Denmark, Sweden, and Belgium, more than 25% of companies already use these tools, while the OECD average is around 14%.

National statistics reinforce this trend:

  • In Canada, AI usage rose from 6.1% to 10.6% in just one quarter.
  • In the United Kingdom, the share of companies applying it is expected to more than double, from 9% to 22%.
  • In the United States, more than 10% of firms plan to implement AI in the coming months.

The momentum is clear—but so are the differences between countries and company sizes.

Large companies take the lead

Seventy percent of large enterprises already use Artificial Intelligence, reporting significant profit margins compared with fewer than 20% of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The latter face challenges such as high costs, lack of expertise, and inadequate infrastructure.

However, 91% of SMEs that have adopted AI report productivity gains, and 76% say it has enhanced their innovative capacity. Those led by younger executives are the most likely to integrate these technologies.

Employment: new changes and opportunities

Generative AI is reshaping the job landscape. Unlike previous waves of automation, the roles most exposed today are highly skilled positions in metropolitan areas.

While AI may eliminate some routine tasks, it also creates better-paid jobs in scientific and technological fields. The main challenge will be equipping workers with the skills needed to harness this transformation.

Barriers and policies for an inclusive transition

  • 7% of European companies cite lack of expertise as the main barrier to using AI.

  • 5% mention difficulties complying with legal and data protection requirements.

The OECD recommends strengthening local capacities, boosting digital training, and promoting regional innovation ecosystems to prevent current divides from becoming structural.